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USA · CHAPTER 15

Working whileyou study in the USA.

F-1 students may work on campus up to 20 hours a week during term and full time in breaks. Off-campus work requires authorisation, mainly Curricular Practical Training (CPT) for internships that are part of your programme, or OPT. Unauthorised work can end your status.

Published by Althéa Consulting · Adviser: Harshita Kohli

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Rules

  • On-campus: up to 20 h/week in session
  • Full time during official breaks
  • CPT: internships integral to your curriculum, authorised by your school
  • No off-campus gig work without authorisation

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Work types on F-1

TypeWhenRules
On-campus jobFrom the startUp to 20 h / week in term, full time in breaks
CPT (Curricular Practical Training)During the programmeMust be part of the curriculum; authorised by the school
OPT (pre- or post-completion)During or afterAuthorised by USCIS; uses your OPT time

Never work without authorisation

Unauthorised off-campus work, including cash jobs or freelancing for US clients, can end your F-1 status and affect future visas. Ask your international office before accepting any work outside campus.

Tax on what you earn

F-1 students in their first five calendar years in the US are usually nonresident aliens for tax. They pay federal and most state income tax on wages but are exempt from Social Security and Medicare (FICA) on authorised on-campus, CPT and OPT work; check your payslip and ask your employer to correct wrong deductions.

Every F-1 student files Form 8843 each year, even with no income. If you earned money, you also file Form 1040-NR, usually by mid-April. Under Article 21(2) of the India–US tax treaty, Indian students can generally claim the standard deduction, which ordinary nonresidents cannot. Many universities give free access to nonresident tax software; avoid preparers who file you as a resident.

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Your questions, answered.

Curricular Practical Training — off-campus work that is an integral part of your programme, such as an internship for credit, authorised by your school's designated official.

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